DeCFD

        if m.stake < c.min_stake {            m.status = MINER_BANNED;        }        c.treasury += to_treasury;        let j = &mut ctx.accounts.job;        j.reserved = j.reserved.checked_sub(t.reward).ok_or(DecfdError::Overflow)?;        t.status = TASK_REJECTED;        msg!("slashed {} lamports ({} to the verifier), banned: {}", penalty, to_verifier,             m.status == MINER_BANNED);        Ok(())    }     /// Pay a task: anyone may call it once the task is verified or its challenge window passed.    pub fn settle_task(ctx: Context<SettleTask>) -> Result<()> {        let t = &mut ctx.accounts.task;        let now = Clock::get()?.unix_timestamp;        let window_over = t.status == TASK_SUBMITTED            && now >= t.submitted_at + ctx.accounts.config.challenge_window;        require!(t.status == TASK_VERIFIED || window_over, DecfdError::NotSettleable);         let j = &mut ctx.accounts.job;        move_lamports(&j.to_account_info(), &ctx.accounts.miner_wallet.to_account_info(), t.reward)?;        j.escrow = j.escrow.checked_sub(t.reward).ok_or(DecfdError::Overflow)?;        j.reserved = j.reserved.checked_sub(t.reward).ok_or(DecfdError::Overflow)?;

1. Line 193 if m.stake < c.min_stake {: Touches staking state: the amount locked and when it was locked.
2. Line 198 j.reserved = j.reserved.checked_sub(t.reward).ok_or(DecfdError::Overflow)?;: Uses checked arithmetic so overflow fails instead of wrapping.
3. Line 200 msg!("slashed {} lamports ({} to the verifier), banned: {}", penalty, to_verifier,: Logs to the program log, which is visible in explorers and the test output.
4. Line 208 let now = Clock::get()?.unix_timestamp;: Reads on-chain time from the Clock sysvar.
5. Line 211 require!(t.status == TASK_VERIFIED || window_over, DecfdError::NotSettleable);: An explicit validation that aborts the instruction with an error.

def miner_pda(program, config, authority):    return Pubkey.find_program_address([b"miner", _pk(config), _pk(authority)], program)[0]  def job_pda(program, config, job_id):    return Pubkey.find_program_address([b"job", _pk(config), _u64(job_id)], program)[0]  def task_pda(program, job, index):    return Pubkey.find_program_address([b"task", _pk(job), _u32(index)], program)[0]  # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ decodingdef decode_config(d):    return {"admin": str(Pubkey(d[8:40])), "verifier": str(Pubkey(d[40:72])),            "network_id": struct.unpack_from("<Q", d, 72)[0], "min_stake": struct.unpack_from("<Q", d, 80)[0],            "challenge_window": struct.unpack_from("<q", d, 88)[0], "treasury": struct.unpack_from("<Q", d, 96)[0],            "slash_bps": struct.unpack_from("<H", d, 104)[0], "verifier_share_bps": struct.unpack_from("<H", d, 106)[0]}  def decode_miner(d):    n = struct.unpack_from("<I", d, 106)[0]    return {"config": str(Pubkey(d[8:40])), "authority": str(Pubkey(d[40:72])),            "stake": struct.unpack_from("<Q", d, 72)[0], "earned": struct.unpack_from("<Q", d, 80)[0],

1. Line 86 return Pubkey.find_program_address([b"miner", _pk(config), _pk(authority)], program)[0]: Derives a PDA from seeds and the program ID and returns the address with its canonical bump.
2. Line 108 "stake": struct.unpack_from("<Q", d, 72)[0], "earned": struct.unpack_from("<Q", d, 80)[0],: Touches staking state: the amount locked and when it was locked.

                        pass                    time.sleep(wait * random.uniform(0.8, 1.3))                    delay = min(delay * 2, 15.0)                    continue                raise RpcError(f"{method}: HTTP {e.code} {e.read()[:200]!r}") from e            except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError, ConnectionError) as e:                if not last:                    time.sleep(delay * random.uniform(0.8, 1.3))                    delay = min(delay * 2, 15.0)                    continue                raise RpcError(f"{method}: {e}") from e            if "error" in reply:                raise RpcError(f"{method}: {reply['error']}")            return reply["result"]        raise RpcError(f"{method}: no reply")     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ helpers    def latest_blockhash(self):        return Hash.from_string(self.call("getLatestBlockhash", [{"commitment": "confirmed"}])["value"]["blockhash"])     def send(self, tx_bytes):        """Send a signed transaction; preflight simulation catches program errors early."""        return self.call("sendTransaction", [base64.b64encode(tx_bytes).decode(),                                             {"encoding": "base64", "preflightCommitment": "confirmed"}])

1. Line 79 return Hash.from_string(self.call("getLatestBlockhash", [{"commitment": "confirmed"}])["va: Fetches a recent blockhash. Transactions expire if it gets too old.
2. Line 83 return self.call("sendTransaction", [base64.b64encode(tx_bytes).decode(),: Submits the signed transaction to the cluster.